不同浓度草酸改性对Y分子筛性能的影响

采用水热处理和草酸处理相结合的方法对Y分子筛进行改性,采用N2吸附-脱附、XRD、吡啶吸附FTIR、27Al MAS NMR和SEM等方法对Y分子筛进行了表征,并在微型反应装置上评价了改性Y分子筛制备的催化剂的加氢裂化活性,考察了不同浓度草酸改性对Y分子筛性能的影响。表征结果显示,随草酸浓度的提高,Y分子筛的比表面积、孔体积和孔径逐渐增大;硅铝比均明显提高,相对结晶度增大,晶胞常数减小;总酸量、弱酸酸量、中强酸酸量及B酸酸量均出现不同程度的减小。催化剂的加氢裂化活性评价结果表明,较为适宜的草酸处理浓度为0.20 mol/L。     

塔北哈拉哈塘—英买力地区深层油气运移与成藏地球化学特征

采用地质、地球化学分析对哈拉哈塘—英买力地区油气特征、烃源灶部位、油气运移与成藏特征进行了反演研究。结果表明:原油物理与化学特征差异显著但有序分布,原油成熟度差异显著但成因相近。油-油、油-岩成熟度对比显示英买力地区原油与研究区埋深相近的泥灰岩没有可比性,哈拉哈塘地区深部奥陶系原油与埋深6 500~7 500 m的烃源岩成熟度相当,指示烃源灶为相邻凹陷。油气运移与成藏具有:1准差异聚集特征,从斜坡低部位至高部位,油气相态从轻质油—中质油—稠油呈规律性分布;2断层控制油气运移与聚集,油气主要聚集在断层附近,烃类流体性质、储层质量显著受控于断层,高气/油比油气主要出现在断层泄压区;3风化壳显著控制油气聚集与分布,油气主要分布在准层状风化壳上、下的岩溶储层内,具有多期充注成藏特征;4油气成藏模式为异地源-断控运移-准差异聚集-风化壳储油-多期叠加成藏模式。     

油气输导机制及输导体系定量评价研究

为了减少输导体系多解性和更客观、准确地对其进行评价,该文对我国各主要含油气盆地输导体系进行了系统分析与总结,提出了基于油气输导机制的输导体系分类方案,将输导要素划分为3大类:第一类为必要的输导要素(包括输导空间、输导动力和输导流体);第二类为描述输导体系重要特性的输导要素(如输导方向、输导能力);第三类为补充说明输导体系的输导要素(如输导体系的规模与层次、形成与作用时期等)。提出的基于输导机制的输导体系命名原则为:输导体系规模与层次+形成与作用时期+输导能力+输导方向+输导动力+输导空间。同时根据各输导要素对油气运聚成藏的贡献,建立了各类输导要素优劣的定量评价标准与赋值原则。总结了成藏期古输导体系恢复方法和步骤,其中古孔隙和古构造的恢复是成藏期输导格架建立的关键。这为输导体系定量评价奠定了基础,从而可以更好地根据输导体系预测潜在油气藏,提高勘探成功率。     

Seismic fluid identification using a nonlinear elastic impedance inversion method based on a fast Markov chain Monte Carlo method

Elastic impedance inversion with high efficiency and high stability has become one of the main directions of seismic pre-stack inversion. The nonlinear elastic impedance inversion method based on a fast Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is proposed in this paper, combining conventional MCMC method based on global optimization with a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm based on local optimization, so this method does not depend strongly on the initial model. It converges to the global optimum quickly and efficiently on the condition that efficiency and stability of inversion are both taken into consideration at the same time. The test data verify the feasibility and robustness of the method, and based on this method, we extract the effective pore-fluid bulk modulus, which is applied to reservoir fluid identification and detection, and consequently, a better result has been achieved.     

Model of interval multi-attribute optimization for overseas oil–gas projects

Because of the incompleteness and uncertainty in the information on overseas oil-gas projects,project evaluation needs models able to deal with such problems.A new model is,therefore,presented in this paper based on interval multi-attribute decision-making theory.Analysis was made on the important attributes(index) and the relationships affecting the basic factors to the project economic results were described.The interval numbers are used to describe the information on overseas oil and gas projects.On these bases,an improved TOPSIS model is introduced for the evaluation and ranking of overseas oil and gas projects.The practical application of the new model was carried out for an oil company in selecting some promising blocks from 13 oil and gas blocks in eight different countries in the Middle East.Based on these innovative studies,some conclusions are given from theoretical and application aspects.The practical application shows that the introduction of interval numbers into the evaluation and ranking of the overseas oil and gas projects can lead to more reasonable decisions.The users can do the project evaluation based on the comprehensive values as well as based on some preferred index in the project evaluation and ranking.     

中原油田原油有机氯监控技术探讨

从中原油田原油有机氯含量调查与分析入手,阐述了有机氯超标对炼油企业的影响,针对现有有机氯含量监测方法进行了分析对比,并对监测技术进行优化,形成了一套切实可行的原油有机氯监测技术方法,在中原油田原油有机氯监测工作中取得了良好的实际应用效果。     

我国石油炼化制氢装置碳排放因子的修正建议

在核算石油加工企业温室气体排放清单时,我国多采用或借鉴美国石油学会《石油和天然气行业温室气体排放方法纲要》推荐的、以氢气单位体积产率为基础计算的制氢装置CO2排放因子4.736tCO2/104 m3 H2。由于国际上对气体标准状况的定义存在不同,且原料天然气组分存在差异,建议在国内使用时将该排放因子修正为5.122tCO2/104 m3 H2。     

新型介-微孔复合分子筛上重油加氢裂化反应研究

以核-壳结构的复合分子筛Al SBA-15/Y为催化剂的主要载体组分,以Ni,W为加氢成分,合成了高活性中间馏分油型加氢裂化催化剂Ni W/Al SBA-15/Y-HK,并对其催化性能进行了评价。实验结果表明,该催化剂具有中油选择性高、产品质量优等特点。在控制原料370℃馏分油转化率为67%的条件下,中间馏分油选择性为81.5%,其中柴油馏分的收率为54.7%,凝点为-40℃,是优质-10#柴油调和组分;重石脑油芳潜为54.6%,是优质的重整进料;尾油芳烃指数为11.2,是良好的乙烯裂解原料。     

纤维膜脱硫组合技术在液化石油气脱硫脱硫醇中的应用

介绍了纤维膜脱硫组合技术在某石化公司液化石油气脱硫脱硫醇装置上的工业应用情况。结果表明,纤维膜脱硫组合技术具有适用性强、开工过程简单等优点。脱硫脱硫醇后催化裂化装置液化石油气中总硫质量浓度降至16.3~16.8mg/m3,铜片腐蚀等级为1a,延迟焦化装置液化石油气中总硫质量浓度降至50.8~77.8mg/m3,铜片腐蚀等级为1a,均满足产品质量要求。经过水洗后,两装置循环碱性洗水中硫化物质量浓度分别为17.91mg/L和73.83mg/L,回收大量副产物二硫化物;废碱液经过碱液再生后,碱液质量分数均大于15%,满足纤维膜脱硫醇的需要。碱渣经过湿法氧化处理后,满足排放标准。     

裂缝型变质岩油藏注气驱机理及驱替效率实验研究

采用物理模拟实验的方法,做注气膨胀实验,评价天然气在原油中的溶解性。通过数模和细管实验,确定目前地层压力和温度下的最小混相压力。开展双重介质变质岩油藏顶部注天然气,底部注水长岩心驱替实验(岩心夹持器呈30°倾斜),得出了裂缝和基质分别对采收率的贡献。驱替压力25.6 MPa和38.6 MPa,均小于最小混相压力,实验中天然气驱替过程为非混相驱。由于裂缝的收缩性远大于基质,衰竭采出的原油可以看作是裂缝的贡献。同时,由于基质与裂缝之间的渗透率相差极大,因此在初期的驱替过程中,裂缝中的原油可以被完全驱出。结合以上分析,可以由最终实验结果得出基质与裂缝系统各自对采收率的贡献。